Invictus

I always thought Morgan Freeman looked like Nelson Mandela...

Invictus Movie Trailer

Now he just needs to work on his accent...

South Africa Test Questions

Please ask any questions you have about Saturday's test here in the comments section. I will log on occasionally to check and answer what I can, but you all should feel free to discuss and answer each others' questions as well.
Good luck.

South Africa HW for Thursday/Friday

Read this article on the challenges facing the new South African President, Jacob Zuma. After (or before) reading, click on the photo essays linked throughough on South Africa, 15 Years After Apartheid and on South Africa's Preparations for the World Cup.
As with the last assignment, post a comment or thoughtful question on this blog.

South Africa's First Free Elections

Here is the article from Time Magazine: Time to Take Charge.
Read it, and post at least one comment on the blog. Comments for this assignment can be either questions on things you do not understand, general discussion questions, or answers to others' questions. They should not be random ramblings on the article.

Wanda Sykes and Odette from Hotel Rwanda

Hey guys,

If you want to back me up on this, please do, but this is really directed toward Mr. Sykes.

Mr. Sykes, I asked you if Odette, a Tutsi refugee that is close to Paul's family in Hotel Rwanda was played by Wanda Sykes. You laughed at me. Well, now, I will show you this picture, and show you how much Lebo Mashile, who played Odette, and Wanda Sykes look alike. They are practically twins. Try and find out which picture is Lebo and which is Wanda. I bet you can't.

--Jeremy

Welcome Parents!!

Here is an editorial from today's (Thursday 10/22) New York Times on exactly what we are studying!! Kids, you homework is simply to read the article and come in ready to discuss it. Remember that it is an editorial, so it has an opinon, a point of view. What is that point of view? how is it supported? What are the weaknesses of the argument?
Parents: Feel free to read the article (and to participate in class on Saturday) and to read the posts and comments below. We have used this blog as a forum to discuss ideas and questions that arise out of our readings. While you will not be able to comment on the posts (members only in this very exclusive club), you are welcome to peruse the site, and take a look at what your child and his/her classmates have contributed to the discussions.

Mugabe Quote on Land Reform

"In Zimbabwe, and only because of the color line arising from British colonialism, 70 percent of the best arable land is owned by less than 1 percent of the population who happen to be white, while the black majority are congested on barren land. We have sought to redress this inequity through a land reform and resettlement program [that will result in] economic and social justice."

President Robert Mugabe used that rationale to justify the siezure of thousands of large, white-owned farms in Zimbabwe over the last decade.

Is seizing white-owned farms and transfering ownship to black Zimbabweans fair? Why? Why not?

Who are We?

Hey guys, I don't have much time to write a lot on this at the moment, but I just saw this on the news and thought it was really interesting. If you have the time, you should really visit this site, which has an article about newly found bones dating to 1 million years before our famous ancestor, Lucy. Her name is Ardi. The cool thing about Ardi is that she actually does not really resemble an ape. So now, there is much belief that humans did not evolve from apes, but humans and apes evolved from a common ancestor. If you've got the time, read the whole article or look it up. It's really cool.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude Visit

Here is a link to Christo and Jeanne-Claude's website. If you have a few minutes this weekend, take a look at some of their work, or at the Frequently Asked Questions about their work.

Of course, you can always just search Google Images for more pics of them and their work. If you do take the time this weekend, please post a comment here about what your impressions of their work: How did you react to seeing their work for the first time? Was there one work that you liked best? Least? Why?

As usual, there are no right answers, and this comment is not required. But the more familiar you are with their work, the more you will get out of their visit on Tuesday night.

Can we blame Ishmael? (F Block)

In the book A Long Way Gone, by Ishmael Beah, Ishmael commits a vast number of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and was altogether just cruel to a whole bunch of people who may not have deserved it. However, prior to these events, he was put on numerous drugs, and convinced mentally that violence is OK. So, given these circumstances, can we really blame him for what he did? While I agree that there was a whole lot of outside influence, at the end of the day, he still did these horrible things, and must, like anyone else, face up to his charges and take the responsibility and blame for his actions.

This is not to say that I don't realize the circumstances, he was under alot of physical and mental strain, but the outside influence can only go so far. just because he has been badly drugged doesn't mean that his body was taken from him by an unseen force, while it could have warped his intentions, it was still Ishmael, not drugs or violence, directing his body, and this must be realized, that his atrocities were his own doing.

In a way, before drugs even came into the picture, he chose to take the trip down the dark road that led to his career as a soldier and in that accepted responsibility for anything that he might do. although once again there were outside influences, he chose to become a solder, and no matter what those influences were, the facts of his decision remain, it was by his own doing that he became a soldier, when he was given the choice by the army to flight or fight.

In the end, back on my first point, we all have to accept responsibility for our actions, and as hard as it is to say, Ishmael did what he did, not anyone else, and this must be acknowledged.

Blame (G block, the best block)

I do not believe that the atrocitys Ishmael committed were Ishmael's fault. Ishmael did not willingly take up the child soldeiring life. He was given the descison to either join the army or be killed by nearby rebels. What would you choose?? Also, the murders Ishmael commited and terribly actions he took, were because of the drugs Ishmael was on. Clearly, Ishmael cannot be held responsible for his actions during his soldiering days.
Another reason why Ishmael cannot be blamed for his actions was that Ishmael was brainwashed. First he was on multipe drugs that deluded his mind while sharpening his other attributes. During this time Ishmael was not a teenage boy, but a drugged, killing machine, who could not, did not, have any other choice but to do what his fellow soldiers did. Any other actions would have met certain death. Another reason was that Ishmael had no close family members still alive. He was ALONE in the world, a scary thought for a young teenage boy. The army embraced him, and he had to join the army for his own survival. The army became his family and with the army Ishmael escaped certain death. If you blame Ishamel reflect on Ishmael's choices and decide what you what have done?? How would YOU have SURVIVED without taking these actions .

The Existence of God? (F Block)

Certainly this book brings in to question why bad things happen to good people, or good people being forced to kill. Why must the most innocent children be forced to war? Why are they given drugs? Why are they so inhumanly violent? Why doesn't God do something? Many Christians I know believe that God has a "path" for each of us, but was Ishmael's path really meant to be strewn with horrors of war? Also, I think with the absence of a divine being, Beah presents to us that the power of human action is not to be underestimated. In the Bible God is so massive that he punishes with the book of Revelations, but it seems not to be too different from the gross humanity that is thrown at us in the book.

Throughout the book, there hasn't been any direct reference to God or any kind of divine being. One might say that UNICEF's efforts to return these boys back to normal is an act of God, even though through Ishmael's eyes, it's the worst that could have happened. However, this topic made me realize the irony of the narrator's name, Ishmael. In the bible, Ishmael is the expelled son of Abraham, so there is an obscure but valid biblical reference in the book. One time that spirituality is mentioned is when Saidu cryptically voices that every time they try and run away, a part of him -a part of his soul- dies until he will just be an empty body walking beside them.

Leading up to tonight's reading, Ismael had many flashbacks of childhood memories or African legends his grandmother has told him. However, in the last reading this changed. Now that Ishmael has been brainwashed to kill and addicted to drugs, he suffers from flashbacks of blood and deaths of his friends, as opposed to the nice childlike stories of Bra Spider. The evidence of evil certainly does not prove or disprove the existence of God. One might interpret the slivers of joy when they go to the city or listen to rap as God trying to save them from their misery, but no one really understands if it is God or luck that gives them these sparse pleasures.

Religious Views after reading A Long Way Gone (G Block)

After reading our required chapters for tonight, I had a difficult time processing the thought of a divine being watching and guiding us through our lives. Many holy books state that God loves us and gives us comfort when we feel anguished. This certainly does not apply to Ishmael and the other child soldiers of Sierra Leone. They never asked for their lives to be taken and families to be destroyed. Never received any love or guidance when they were forced to kill. Many of you may disagree in some way but I believe we are all here to control our own fates. Believe me, I would like to believe that someone out there could bring joy and prosperity to the earth. But that still doesn't explain why so much chaos and madness happens in our world and so many prayers are never answered.

Ishmael and his friends have seen things that would drive sane men to the brink of insanity. The killing of children and slaughtering of innocent people. Where was God when the little infant was shot down in the dawn of life. He or she shall never know the joys of life and what it has to offer and instead be buried in the blood drenched earth along with the rest of the village. Where was God when the devoted father decided to drive home early to kiss his daughter goodnight but was killed by RUF rebels on his way home. From 1991 to 1997, over 189,000 thousand children under the age of nine died either in combat or by rebel raids in Sierra Leone.

We control the fates of ourselves and of our peers and only us. For those of you who are religious, I urge you to not be offended by my opinion and know you can be completely honest in your responses. But I ask only that tonight after you say your prayer, ask yourself, is somebody really listening and will this divine being act to make your life easier?

Discussion of US Involvments in the Civil War of Sierra Leone (G Block)

We are talking about the 10th poorest country in the world, with a GDP of only $700 per capita (While it is $46,859 in the US). This is a country with one of the highest infant mortality rate and one of the lowest life expectancy rate. This country is Sierra Leone, a place that suffered an 11 year long civil war which half of the population—that is more than 20,000 people made refugees and 20,000 slaughtered during a campaign called ‘Operation No Living Things’. Here comes the question: Why did the United Stated, the most influential country with the strongest military in the world just let the Africans suffer and expect themselves to fix up the situation on their own, while even Nigeria, a country with internal economical problems, spent $1,000,000 per day battling the war criminals?

To be exact, America was involved diplomatically after the war was officially ended and helped Sierra Leone elect a government, but that’s it. It did not send any troops, not even a single American was part of the 6,000 UN Peacekeepers sent to the battlefields. Only $15 million was offered to aid the government of Sierra Leone. It is now necessary to bring up the Kosovo incident, a place where its people is suffering from a situation similar to the one in Sierra Leone, yet the US Congress approved a total of $90 billion for it’s aid.

“So is the Arabic’s life more worth saving than the African’s? That is a double standard.” Questioned American Civil Right’s leader Jesse Jackson.

“Sierra Leone, a country of no strategic importance to the United States, highlights the Clinton administration's struggle to define places worthy of intervention on humanitarian grounds." Claimed professor David Wippman of Cornell University, " it has not pursued justice as vigorously in Sierra Leone as it has in other parts of the world,"

"I know that some are troubled that the United States and others cannot respond to every humanitarian catastrophe in the world," President Clinton told the U.N. General Assembly in September. "We cannot do everything everywhere."

So are limited resources the true reason why a nation as strong and powerful as the United States leaves the dreadful situation in Sierra Leone? Or like some scholars suggested ‘America cannot benefit directly from the civil war’? Some people also thought leaving the Africans to solve their own problems was the right thing to do, so they can be independent. If that's the case, why did the US help Iraq and Afganistan? The answer is now up to you to decide.

Sending Troops into Sierra Leone (F Block)

One major controversy dealing with Sierra Leone is whether or not the United States should have sent troops over to presumably save some lives. Being one of the most powerful nations in the world, the United States was expected to aid the country in some way, however they failed to do so. I believe sending troops over to Sierra Leone would indeed have saved many lives and helped the country recover, however doing this would make Sierra Leone less independent and more reliant on other countries.

If the United States was to intervene, Sierra Leone would still not know how to handle the situation on their own if this was to happen again. The only way they can learn to run their country is from learning from their mistakes. Because we chose not to send troops over, Sierra Leone is more capable of repairing the damage independently. Although it sounds cruel to disagree with trying to save lives, Sierra Leone will benefit from our lack of help in the future. 

This situation is similar to the African colonies during Imperialism. When the Europeans divided up Africa and enforced their government, Africa was immediately trained to live they way the Europeans had forced them to. Today, Africa is still struggling with creating a stable government because they never really learned to do this on their own. Similarly, sending troops would have damaged Sierra Leone's chance of becoming independent in the future. I  believe the United State's decision to not aid Sierra Leone was a smart one because of the impact it will have on their ability to be independent in the future.

Why do people buy diamonds? ( F Block)

The main reasons people buy diamonds are because they are simply beautiful stones that symbolize many things people believe are important. Diamonds have a lot of expensive traditions behind them for example they are used as a symbol of eternal love, and because people are always people constantly falling in love that is one reason why people by diamonds. They also show status since America is a consumers market we Americans always want the biggest and the best when it comes to everything, and the size of the diamond is a way of displaying status. Status is very important to most people because it determines how you are viewed in the eyes of other people. Also diamonds are things that society makes you think you should have because they are pretty, shiny, and worth a lot of money. Advertisements have a lot to do with diamond sales because they brainwash into thinking you need to have them in order to show that you have a lot of money or really care about someone. Diamonds are used to keep many traditions alive.

Diamond's....Are They Worth It ( G Block)

People are never content with what they have! They always look for material items to fill their emotional gaps. They want pearls and diamonds to show their status. They don't actually want the diamond, they want what the diamond represents. But just how useful are diamonds. They don't satisfy our hunger or thirst. They can't be used as transportation. They are pretty much useless. As we all know diamonds are very expensive.Its human nature to many, its a challenge to get them. I think everyone would agree in saying that diamonds make wonderful gifts but are they worth it?

I am sure you've all heard the phrase "blood diamonds." The term “blood diamond” refers to diamonds that come from war zones in Africa. They are usually sold to fund the rebel groups in Africa. These rebel groups trade these diamonds for weapons and money. Millions of deaths are results of rebel attacks and the trading or trafficking of these diamonds. Some movies like blood diamonds deceive us. They show them wearing shoes, gloves and hard hats with flashlights, when typically they don't wear any of that. They have very simple tools like a pick and a rope. They get paid less than a dollar. All this sacrifice, so one can prove their social status, is it really worth it?

If someone offered you a fake diamond and a real one, would you be able to tell the difference. If you did know the difference, would you accept the fake one?



Watch this music video showing how the "blood diamond" process works
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fgqd80026xU

Child Soldiers: The Ultimate Natural Resource (F)

The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a group of rebels that wanted to use children as soldiers. Child soldiers were very useful to the RUF for a few reasons. Children could perform tasks that others could not. Since they were small, they could sneak around and remain unnoticed to those around them. Soldiers that were 25 years or older may not have been small enough to sneak around as easily as children did, and elderly people who may have been the same size were not as agile as children. Also, children were naive. There were not as exposed to life as older people. They would listen to the RUF because they were scared and feared death. They did not think there was anything they could do, or any reason to try to gain freedom. However, during that time period, people thought of children as innocent souls. Children could be seen as innocent to the enemy, and then deceive them. The final and most important reason for using children as soldiers is that children had little or no idea of what the war was about. They did not know if they were fighting for good or bad, so it did not bother them as much if they were doing something that was injust. That ignorance of the motives of both sides was very key to the childrens' usefulness. The RUF wanted child soldiers not only because of their size, but because of what they did not know.

Why are there Child Soliders and Why do People Think they' re Better than Adult Soldiers?? (G Block)

People recruit child soldiers mostly because childeren are often thought of as gulible, easily manipulated and adaptable to their surroundings in order to survive, these charcteristics makes children easy to control and also making them better than adult soldiers.

Child soldiers have been used several times in the past, one main time where child soldiers were used was during World War II. Hitler made being a soldier sound fun and exciting for young people during that age, they were persuaded into believing that they were doing a brave thing for their country which made them feel important to the war. In WWII they were much better than adult soldiers because they never doubted Hitler and never when against his word. Several adults did do this but by having child soldiers Hitler was able to prevent any doubting within his army. In fact, Hitler was able to control these child soldiers so well, that there were many incidents when a child soldiers parents would be doing something against the word of Hitler and the children would call the Nazi Soldiers and have their parents arrested. WWII is a critical exapmle of how and why childeren are thought of as gulible and easily manipulated.

Children are also known to learn how to adapt their lives in order to survive a recent-ish news story that shows how this is true is the girl, Jaycee Dugard, who was kidnapped at the age of 11 and held captive for 18 years. News reports and other sources like her step-father say that if Jaycee had not been able to adapt to a completely different life style, identity and enviornment that she may not have been found alive today about two decades later. The media likes to describe this as a child's instict of survival, that children are willing to change and adapt in order to survive different situations.

All of these characteristics that children are meant to have make them better soldiers than adults and provide people the reasoning to recruit child soldiers.


Also on another note, while I was thinking about child soldiers it reminded me of this music video that relates to it. So, I have the link below:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT434G38OBg

If anyone wants to watch it, it's a great song andthe music video does in a way relate to the topic.

Kenya's Impending Disaster

An interesting article from today's NY Times on the draught in Kenya. Raises lots of questions about disaster relief, aid, good governance, and perhaps why so much of the continent remains mired in desperate poverty. This is NOT your assignment for tonight; for that, look below to the Welcome post. But feel free to read and comment if you are interested and have the time.

Welcome to World History

Welcome to the F and G Block World History Blog. This is the first time I have tried this with a class, so you all are essentially Guinea Pigs. I am not sure exactly how this is going to work, but there will be some sort of online discussion requirement for the class. I will give specific guidelines for each assignment, but know that more important than anything else is that you be respectful of each other and each other's ideas on this Blog. Not only will your classmates and I be reading everything that you post, but it is also available to everybody in the world with an internet connection.
Your first assignment is simply to use the comment link below to tell us something about yourself or your summer, or to comment on one of your classmates' comments. Good luck.